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81.
Manzini Carlo Filippo Ottonelli Daria Degli Abbati Stefania Marano Corrado Cordasco Emilia Angela 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2022,20(4):2045-2084
Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering - The paper presents the comparison of the results of non-linear static analyses performed with different software based on the equivalent frame (EF) modelling... 相似文献
82.
Gennaro A. Stefania Marco Rotiroti Letizia Fumagalli Fulvio Simonetto Pietro Capodaglio Chiara Zanotti Tullia Bonomi 《Hydrogeology Journal》2018,26(1):147-162
A groundwater flow model of the Alpine valley aquifer in the Aosta Plain (NW Italy) showed that well pumping can induce river streamflow depletions as a function of well location. Analysis of the water budget showed that ～80% of the water pumped during 2 years by a selected well in the downstream area comes from the baseflow of the main river discharge. Alluvial aquifers hosted in Alpine valleys fall within a particular hydrogeological context where groundwater/surface-water relationships change from upstream to downstream as well as seasonally. A transient groundwater model using MODFLOW2005 and the Streamflow-Routing (SFR2) Package is here presented, aimed at investigating water exchanges between the main regional river (Dora Baltea River, a left-hand tributary of the Po River), its tributaries and the underlying shallow aquifer, which is affected by seasonal oscillations. The three-dimensional distribution of the hydraulic conductivity of the aquifer was obtained by means of a specific coding system within the database TANGRAM. Both head and flux targets were used to perform the model calibration using PEST. Results showed that the fluctuations of the water table play an important role in groundwater/surface-water interconnections. In upstream areas, groundwater is recharged by water leaking through the riverbed and the well abstraction component of the water budget changes as a function of the hydraulic conditions of the aquifer. In downstream areas, groundwater is drained by the river and most of the water pumped by wells comes from the base flow component of the river discharge. 相似文献
83.
Mele Lucia Chiaradonna Anna Lirer Stefania Flora Alessandro 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2021,19(10):3865-3893
In engineering practice, the liquefaction potential of a sandy soil is usually evaluated with a semi-empirical, stress-based approach computing a factor of safety in free field conditions, defined as the ratio between the liquefaction resistance (capacity) and the seismic demand. By so doing, an estimate of liquefaction potential is obtained, but nothing is known on the pore pressure increments (often expressed in the form of normalized pore pressure ratio ru) generated by the seismic action when the safety factor is higher than 1. Even though ru can be estimated using complex numerical analyses, it would be extremely useful to have a simplified procedure to estimate them consistent with the stress-based approach adopted to check the safety conditions. This paper proposes such a procedure with reference to both saturated and unsaturated soils, considering the latter as soils for which partial saturation has been artificially generated with some ground improvement technology to increase cyclic strength and thus tackle liquefaction risk. A simple relationship between the liquefaction free field safety factor FS, and ru(Sr) is introduced, that generalizes a previous expression proposed by Chiaradonna and Flora (Geotech Lett, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1680/jgele.19.00032) for saturated soils. The new procedure has been successfully verified against some experimental data, coming from laboratory constant amplitude cyclic tests and from centrifuge tests with irregular acceleration time histories for soils having different gradings and densities.
相似文献84.
Gorbi S Virno Lamberti C Notti A Benedetti M Fattorini D Moltedo G Regoli F 《Marine environmental research》2008,65(1):34-49
An ecotoxicological protocol with caged mussels, Mytilus galloprovincialis, was developed to evaluate the potential impact of an offshore gas platform in the central Adriatic Sea. Reference organisms were collected on a seasonal basis from an unpolluted site and transplanted for four weeks in both the sampling area and to the investigated platform. Chemical analyses of trace metals in mussel tissues were integrated with a multi-biomarker approach for the early detection of biological responses at several cellular targets. Induction of metallothioneins, peroxisomal proliferation and activity of acetylcholinesterase were measured as markers for specific classes of chemicals. Special attention was given to oxyradical metabolism and appearance of oxidative-mediated toxicity to reveal a more general onset of cellular disturbance. In addition to individual antioxidants (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione S-transferases, glutathione reductase, Se-dependent and Se-independent glutathione peroxidases, and levels of total glutathione), the total oxyradical scavenging capacity (TOSC) allowed a quantification of the overall capability to neutralize specific forms of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS; i.e. peroxyl and hydroxyl radicals). Cellular damages were evaluated as lysosomal destabilization (membrane stability, accumulation of lipofuscin and neutral lipids), lipid peroxidation products (malondialdehyde) and DNA integrity (strand breaks and micronuclei); the air survival test was finally applied to evaluate the overall physiological condition of mussels. Concentration of trace metals (As, Ba, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn) revealed only limited variations in transplanted mussels during various experimental periods and such changes appeared partly related to natural fluctuations. Among biological responses, variations of antioxidants and lysosomal stability were confirmed as sensitive early warning signals for biological disturbance of both natural and anthropogenic origin. The presented protocol with caged mussels allowed marked biological effects caused by the investigated platform to be excluded, and represented a useful approach that is easy to extend for monitoring the impact of offshore activities in the Adriatic sea. 相似文献
85.
Fossi MC Marsili L Lauriano G Fortuna C Canese S Ancora S Leonzio C Romeo T Merino R Abad E Jiménez B 《Marine environmental research》2004,58(2-5):269-274
Various studies have revealed high concentrations of contaminants such as organochlorines (OCs) and heavy metals in Mediterranean cetaceans. A geographical trend of contamination (PCBs and DDTs) has been found for striped dolphin (Stenella coeruleoalba). In this study we used a non-lethal approach (skin biopsy) to investigate bioaccumulation of OCs, including polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs), DDTs, polychlorodibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorodibenzofurans (PCDFs), trace elements (Hg, Cd, Pb) and CYP1A activity (BPMO) in nine striped dolphins sampled in the Aeolian area (Sicily - Italy) in summer 2002. The arithmetic mean value of BPMO activity in this group was 43.46 AUF/g tissue/h. This value is approximately 3 times and 5 times lower, respectively, than the value found in the Ionian and in the Ligurian groups. Skin biopsies of striped dolphins emerged as a suitable material for assessing the toxicological status of the various Mediterranean groups. 相似文献
86.
M. Cristina Fossi Silvia Casini Stefania Ancora Alessandra Moscatelli Antonella Ausili Giuseppe Notarbartolo-di-Sciara 《Marine environmental research》2001,52(5)
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs) have the potential to alter hormone pathways that regulate reproductive processes in wildlife and fishes. In this research the hypothesis that Mediterranean top predator species (such as large pelagic fish) are potentially at risk due to EDCs is investigated. These marine organisms tend to accumulate high concentrations of EDCs such as polyhalogenated aromatic hydrocarbons (PHAHs). The potential effects of EDCs on a fish species of commercial interest, the top predator Xiphias gladius (swordfish), were investigated using vitellogenin (Vtg) and Zona radiata proteins (Zrp) as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. Dramatic induction of typically female proteins (Vtg and Zrp) was detected by ELISA and Western Blot in adult males of the species. These results are the first warning of the potential risk for reproductive function of Mediterranean top predators, and suggest the need for continuous monitoring of this fragile marine environment. 相似文献
87.
88.
Riccardo Tribuzio Massimo Tiepolo Stefania Fiameni 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2008,155(5):619-633
The layered sequence from Niagara Icefalls (northern Victoria Land, Antarctica) is related to the Cambrian-Early Ordovician
Ross Orogeny. The sequence consists of dunites, harzburgites, orthopyroxenites, melagabbronorites and gabbronorites of cumulus
origin. The Mg# of olivine, spinel, orthopyroxene and clinopyroxene from these rocks yields positive correlations, thus indicating
formation from melts that mainly evolved through fractional crystallisation. The following fractionation sequence was identified:
olivine (up to 94 mol% forsterite) + Cr-rich spinel → olivine + orthopyroxene ± spinel → orthopyroxene → orthopyroxene + anorthite-rich
plagioclase ± clinopyroxene. Clinopyroxenes retain the peculiar trace element signature of boninite melts, such as extremely
low concentrations of HREE and HFSE, and LILE enrichment over REE and HFSE. U–Pb isotope data on zircons separated from a
gabbronorite have allowed us to constrain the age of emplacement of the Niagara Icefalls sequence at ∼514 Ma. The occurrence
of inherited zircons dated at ∼538 Ma indicates that the boninitic melts experienced, at least locally, crustal contamination.
The Niagara Icefalls sequence can be related to a regional scale magmatic event that affected the eastern margin of the Gondwana
supercontinent in the Middle Cambrian. We propose that the formation of the sequence was associated with the development of
an embryonic back-arc basin in an active continental margin.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
89.
Neural networks and landslide susceptibility: a case study of the urban area of Potenza 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
For those working in the field of landslide prevention, the estimation of hazard levels and the consequent production of thematic
maps are principal objectives. They are achieved through careful analytical studies of the characteristics of landslide prone
areas, thus, providing useful information regarding possible future phenomena. Such maps represent a fundamental step in the
drawing up of adequate measures of landslide hazard mitigation. However, for a complete estimation of landslide hazard, meant
as the degree of probability that a landslide occurs in a given area, within a given space of time, detailed and uniformly
distributed data regarding their incidence and causes are required. This information, while obtainable through laborious historical
research, is usually partial, incomplete and uneven, and hence, unsatisfactory for zoning on a regional scale. In order to
carry this out effectively, the utilization of spatial estimation of the relative levels of landslide hazard in the various
areas was considered opportune. These areas were classified according to their levels of proneness to landslide activity without
taking recurrence periods into account. Various techniques were developed in order to obtain upheaval numerical estimates.
The method used in this study, which was applied in the area of Potenza, is based on techniques derived from artificial intelligence
(Artificial Neural Network—ANN). This method requires the definition of appropriate thematic layers, which parameterize the
area under study. These are recognized by means of specific analyses in a functional relationship to the event itself. The
parameters adopted are: slope gradient, slope aspect, topographical index, topographical shape, elevation, land use and lithology. 相似文献
90.
Manuel M. González‐Duarte Cesar Megina Doris De Vito Cristina Goia Di Camillo Stefania Puce Stefano Piraino 《Marine Ecology》2016,37(1):155-163
Hydroids are important components of the communities of rocky bottom shallow coastal areas. The hydrozoan fauna of the Mediterranean Sea is probably one of most investigated in the world, with lots of faunistic and biogeographical studies. However, quantitative studies using the same sampling methodology and controlled sampling effort have been restricted to areas in the Western and Central Mediterranean. We compared hydroid assemblages in four areas of the Mediterranean Sea, from the Gulf of Cádiz to the South Adriatic Sea, following the same sampling and quantification methodology. Our analysis showed the dominant Atlantic character of the assemblages of the Gulf of Cádiz and the South Alboran Sea because of the influence of the inflowing Atlantic waters. Conversely, the hydroid assemblages of the North Alboran Sea were more similar to the assemblages in the Ligurian and in the South Adriatic, and with a number of species ranking between the observed in these two Mediterranean zones. Fourteen species were identified as making the most significant contributions to characterizing the Mediterranean hydroid species pool from a quantitative point of view. These taxa include species previously named as typical components of the Mediterranean hydroid fauna as well as those only recently recorded in the region (Eudendrium moulouyensis) and invaders such as Clytia hummelincki. 相似文献